Potential call drop indicator

ABSTRACT

Mobile device user notifications of highly likely call drops or service losses are provided. A wireless network can determine from the location history of a mobile device if that mobile device is likely to lose connectivity to the wireless network or to a particular wireless service and issue an alert to the user. The form of the alert can be through one of various types of mobile device messages, or through an application on the mobile device. The mobile device&#39;s location can be determined using the global positioning system. Alternative directions can be provided to the user so that the user can travel without losing connectivity. The user may provide a destination before beginning travel, and receive a suggested course of travel that keeps the user within a higher quality coverage area.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The instant application is a continuation of, and claims priority to,U.S. application Ser. No. 13/451,847, filed on Apr. 20, 2012, which is acontinuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/059,069, filed on Mar. 31,2008, and issued on May 15, 2012, as U.S. Pat. No. 8,180,375. Thecontents of all of the foregoing are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The technical field generally relates to communications systems and morespecifically relates to systems and methods for predicting loss ofwireless signal coverage and providing notification to a user prior toloss of coverage.

BACKGROUND

Today, mobile communications devices, such as mobile telephones, arecommonplace. Yet despite their near-ubiquity, there are still many areaswhere mobile communications devices lack coverage or certain wirelessservices are unavailable, or coverage or service is not available fromtheir home provider. The user of a device usually finds out about a lackof coverage when they move out of the coverage area and drop a call orloss a service. By the time the call or service is dropped, it is toolate for the user to take steps to remain in the coverage area or takeother actions in preparation for the termination of the ongoingcommunication. Current technologies do not predict for a user when themobile device the user is operating is likely to lose network coverageor access to a network service, nor do they provide to a usernotification of impending loss of coverage or service. Currenttechnologies also do not provide to a user suggestions of how to dealwith the call or communication before it is lost, or recommendations ofactions which may allow the user to remain in the coverage area.

SUMMARY

Notifications of impending call drops, impending loss of connectivity toa wireless network or a particular wireless service, or traversing anarea with other specific characteristics are provided to a user of amobile device. The determination of an impending call drop or serviceloss may be made based on network statistics collected on areas aroundthe predicted path or current location of the user and/or the mobiledevice. An estimated time and probability of loss of connectivity may beprovided to the user. Along with the notification, suggested alternateroutes may be provided to the user that keep the mobile device in higherquality network connectivity areas, thus reducing the probability ofloss of network connectivity. In one embodiment, a user can provide theuser's destination to a wireless network or device and be provided witha course from the user's current location to the user's desireddestination that keeps the user within quality network connectivityareas. In another embodiment, network connectivity notifications areissued through a navigation system, and alternate course are providedthrough the navigation system, giving the user turn-by-turn directionsto the user's destination via the alternate course.

Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent after review of the Brief Description of the Drawings,Detailed Description, and the Claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing Summary, as well as the following Detailed Description, isbetter understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings.In order to illustrate the present disclosure, various aspects of thedisclosure are shown. However, the disclosure is not limited to thespecific aspects discussed. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a user and an area in which the presentmethod and system may be implemented.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary, non-limiting notificationprovided to a user of an impending call drop.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary, non-limiting navigationsystem in which the present subject matter may be implemented.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an exemplary, non-limiting method ofimplementing the present subject matter.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example processor for generating and/ordetermining and transmitting and/or receiving call drop predictions anduser notifications.

FIG. 6 is an overall block diagram of an exemplary packet-based mobilecellular network environment, such as a GPRS network, in which call droppredictions and user notifications can be implemented.

FIG. 7 illustrates an architecture of a typical GPRS network assegmented into four groups.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example alternate block diagram of an exemplaryGSM/GPRS/IP multimedia network architecture in which call droppredictions and user notifications can be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The subject matter of the described embodiments is described withspecificity to meet statutory requirements. However, the descriptionitself is not intended to limit the scope of this patent. Rather, theinventors have contemplated that the claimed subject matter might alsobe embodied in other ways, to include different steps or elementssimilar to the ones described in this document, in conjunction withother present or future technologies. Moreover, although the term “step”may be used herein to connote different aspects of methods employed, theterm should not be interpreted as implying any particular order among orbetween various steps herein disclosed unless and except when the orderof individual steps is explicitly described. It should be understoodthat the explanations illustrating data or signal flows are onlyexemplary. The following description is illustrative and non-limiting toany one aspect.

For the purposes of the present disclosure, a user's home network is oneor more networks operated by one or more telecommunications providerswith which the user has contracted or otherwise arranged to providemobile communications services. A home network may be operated by asingle telecommunications provider or by a group of affiliatedproviders. The user's device may be manufactured for use specifically inthe home network, and may be provided to the user by the home networkprovider. For the purposes of the present disclosure, a roaming networkis any network other than a user's home network in which the user'smobile device may operate. A roaming network is typically operated by atelecommunications provider with which the user has no direct contractor arrangement. When using a roaming network, a user typically will becharged higher network usage fees than when using the user's homenetwork.

A user of a mobile device may find it helpful to receive a notificationthat the user is soon to be leaving the wireless network coverage area.Such a notification may be helpful when the user is leaving the coveragearea of the user's home network and going into roaming mode, orotherwise entering the coverage area of another network where the user'shome network does not provide coverage. The notification may also beuseful when the user is leaving the home network and going into an areawith no wireless network coverage. In either situation, the user mayexperience a dropped call or interrupted communications. If the user isnotified in advance that a call is likely to drop soon or acommunication is soon to be interrupted, the user may be able to takeactions in preparation for the interruption of the call orcommunication, or to prevent the interruption. Such actions may includealtering the user's course of travel to remain within the wirelessnetwork coverage area and ending the call or communicationintentionally, perhaps scheduling a time to resume the call orcommunication.

A user may also find it helpful to receive a notification that one ormore services are likely to become unavailable. A network may not beable to provide all available services in all areas covered by thenetwork. For example, data services may not be available in an area thatis capable of providing voice services. A user performing datacommunications may want to know that data service is not going to beavailable if the user's current course is maintained. In somesituations, paging services may be maintained while voice and dataservices may not be available. Any other combination of available andunavailable services are contemplated, and the present subject mattermay be used to address any of those situations.

A device may also use information about impending loss of services. Forexample, a mobile device may detect or otherwise be made aware of animpending loss of service and automatically reduce power consumption, inone embodiment using a minimal amount of power to remain in contact witha network. In another embodiment, the device may automatically power offwhen detecting an impending loss of connectivity. Any actions that maybe automatically taken by a mobile device based on an indication of animpending loss of one or more services or connectivity are contemplatedas within the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 illustrates and exemplary, non-limiting area 100 in which thepresent disclosure may be implemented. Area 100 is an example of ageographical area in which a mobile communications device may betransported and/or operated. Area 100 may include portions which arecovered by one or more wireless networks, enabling a mobile device tofunction in a home network, a roaming network, or both. Area 100 mayalso include portions which are not covered by any wireless network inwhich the user's mobile device can operate. Area 100 may also includeportions that where all services from one or more wireless networks areavailable and portions where only a subset of offered services areavailable. The size and shape of area 100 can be any size and shapepossible for a geographical area. Area 100 as illustrated in FIG. 1 isonly exemplary and for purposes of description and is not intended tolimit the present subject matter in any way.

In FIG. 1, user 110 may be operating mobile device 120 within area 100.User 110 may be traveling within area 100, starting at originationlocation 130, and traveling to destination location 140. User 110 isfollowing original course 150. Original course 150 may be any pathcapable of being taken by a mobile device user, by using any meanspossible. For example, user 110 may be walking or traveling in anautomobile. The specific mode or means of transportation does not affectthe functionality of the present subject matter, and any means or modesof transportation are contemplated as within the scope of the presentdisclosure. Also illustrated in FIG. 1 is alternate course 170 andchanged course 180. Like original course 150, alternate course 170 andchanged course 180 may be any path capable of being taken by a mobiledevice user, by using any means possible. Original course 150, alternatecourse 170 and changed course 180 will be described in further detailbelow.

Mobile device 120 may be any wireless mobile communications device thatcommunicates with other devices using a wireless network. Examples ofsuch devices include, but are not limited to, mobile telephones, mobilecomputers, personal data assistants (“PDAs”), navigation systems, andwirelessly networked computers. Any device which can communicate withany other device by communicating, at least in part, wirelessly with awireless network is contemplated as being within the scope of thepresent disclosure.

Mobile device 120 may include global positioning system (“GPS”)components and/or software, enabling it to communicate with GPSsatellites and determine its own location, speed, direction, and thecurrent time. Mobile device 120 may be constructed such that it cancommunicate GPS-derived location and direction information to atelecommunications network, other devices, and/or user 110. Mobiledevice 120 may include other means of determining its own location,speed, and/or direction, including receiving such information from atelecommunications network, or deriving such information from the use oftechnologies well known to those skilled in the art that utilize one ormore cellular towers and analysis of signal strength, time delays,angles of arrival, or other measurements to determine a device'slocation. Such locating means include, but are not limited to,triangulation and hyperbolic fixing schemes. Such locating means may usetime delays between a mobile device and two or more cellular towers todetermine a relatively precise location for the mobile device. Thevarious means and methods of locating a device using cellular networkmeasurements, including the use of time delay and/or signal strength todetermine the location, speed, and/or direction of a mobile device, arewell known to those skilled in the art, and therefore will not berecited herein. Any means of determining a mobile device's current orpast location, speed, and/or direction are contemplated as within thescope of the present disclosure.

Area 100 is serviced, at least in part, by wireless provider network190. A wireless provider provides network facilities to operate awireless network in the form of wireless provider network 190 withinarea 100. Wireless provider network 190 may be any network thatfacilitates wireless communications, and any such network iscontemplated as within the present disclosure. Examples of such networksinclude telephony radio networks such as global system for mobilecommunication (“GSM”) networks and code division multiple access(“CDMA”) networks, and wireless computer networks such as Wi-Fi and IEEE802.11 networks.

Area 100 is overlaid by virtual grid 160. Grid 160 is not physicallypresent in area 100, but serves as a logical tool for referencingsections of area 100. Grid 160 divides area 100 into sections that maybe easily referenced by grid coordinates. For example, user 110 isbeginning his journey at origination location 130, which is located insection A4 of grid 160. User 110 is traveling to destination location140, which is located in section C1 of grid 160. Grid 160 serves only asan example of how an area, such as area 100, may be logically dividedand referenced. Another example of how a geographical area may bedivided and referenced is by ZIP codes. Yet another example of how ageographical area may be divided and referenced, particularly one servedby a wireless telecommunications network, is by tower locations. Forinstance, the coverage area of each tower may be designated as ageographical division. Any other method or means of creating andreferencing sections or portions of a geographical area are contemplatedas within the scope of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment of the present subject matter, user 110 is providedwith wireless telecommunications services by wireless provider network190, which enables mobile device 120 to communicate wirelessly withwireless provider network 190 in at least some portions of area 100.Such wireless telecommunications services may include, but are notlimited to, voice, data, paging, email, Internet access, or any othertelecommunications service. In this exemplary embodiment, wirelessprovider network 190 may maintain historical wireless network statisticson the sections of area 100 where it provides wireless service. Inanother alternative embodiment, mobile device 120 may maintainhistorical wireless network statistics. Such statistics may be compiledand stored by mobile device 120 itself, or received from wirelessprovider network 190 and stored on mobile device 120. One example ofsuch a statistic may be the amount of dropped calls. In one embodiment,the amount of dropped calls may be kept as a percentage of callsserviced in each area. In another embodiment, the amount of droppedcalls may be a total amount over a predetermined time frame, for examplethe total number of dropped calls over the past 30 days in a section. Inyet another embodiment, the network statistic may be the number ofcomplaints received about a section of area 100. In still anotherembodiment, the network statistic may be the data rate typicallyexperienced by data users in each area. In another embodiment, thenetwork statistic may be the rate of lost data connections in each area.All other network statistics are contemplated as within the scope of thepresent disclosure. Any other methods or means of collecting andmaintaining historical network statistics are contemplated as within thescope of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, user 110 is traveling along original course 150 fromorigination location 130 to destination location 140 while using mobiledevice 120 to have a telephone conversation. In alternative embodiments,user 110 may be using mobile device 120 to send and/or receive textmessages, send and/or receive emails, browse the internet, access othercomputer networks, or perform or participate in any other form oftelecommunications. Any form of communications that may be performedusing a wireless device or enabled over a wireless network iscontemplated as within the scope of the present disclosure.

Original course 150 may be a path of travel, along public roads,walkways, private areas, or any other path of travel which user 110 maybe traveling. Original course 150 may or may not have coverage bywireless provider 190, or may include areas or sections that havecoverage as well as areas or sections that do not. Any path of travel iscontemplated as within the scope of the present disclosure.

Wireless provider network 190 may track the course of user 110's travelsthrough information gathered from mobile device 120. In one embodiment,mobile device 120 may be equipped with GPS components, and mayperiodically report its GPS coordinates to wireless provider network190. In another embodiment, wireless provider network 190 usestriangulation to periodically determine the location of user 110. Othermeans and methods of determining a wireless user's location arecontemplated.

After receiving one or more of such reports, wireless provider network190 may predict one or more future courses of user 110. For example, ifwireless provider network 190 receives a report that user 110 is insection A4 of area 100, followed by a report that user 110 is in sectionA3 of area 100, then wireless provider network 190 may predict that user110 will soon be in section A2 of area 100. Alternatively, wirelessprovider network 190 may use received GPS coordinates of user 110 inconjunction with available mapping software to detect that user 110 istraveling on a road, and predict that user 110 will remain on the road.For example, if user 110 is on an interstate which follows the path oforiginal course 150, wireless provider network 190 may predict that user110 will go through sections A4, A3, A2, A1, B1, and C1 of area 100, inthat order. Many methods and means of course prediction are availableand known to those skilled in the art, and will not be recited herein.Any means or methods of predicting the future path of a mobile deviceuser based on past location information may be used and are contemplatedas within the scope of the present disclosure.

After predicting at least one future course for user 110, wirelessprovider network 190 may then compare the available wireless networkstatistics to the predicted course. For example, if wireless providernetwork 190 predicts that user 110 will go through sections A3, A2, andA1 of area 100, then wireless provider network 190 may obtain thedropped call statistics for each of those sections. Wireless providernetwork 190 may then examine the statistics and determine if any ofthese sections within the predicted course have unacceptable rates ofdropped calls. Alternatively, wireless provider network 190 may obtainthe dropped data connection statistics for each section and determine isany section within the predicted course has an unacceptable rate of lostdata connections. Any other network statistic may be obtained andevaluated, and all such statistics are contemplated as within the scopeof the present disclosure.

It is contemplated that any useful measurement of network statistics orthreshold of network performance may be used to determine acceptability.For example, wireless provider network 190 may set the unacceptabledropped call or dropped data connection threshold at 50%. In thisexample, if section A1 of area 100 has an 80% dropped call rate, thatis, 80% of calls taking place in section A1 are dropped, then wirelessprovider network 190 may issue a notification to user 110 via mobiledevice 120 that the current communication is likely to be dropped or aparticular service is likely to be lost if user 110 continues on thepredicted course.

In an alternative embodiment, mobile device 120 may determine its ownlocation and predict its own course, and therefore the course of user110. Any means and methods for a wireless device to predict its owncourse are contemplated as within the scope of the present disclosure.In an embodiment where mobile device 120 maintains or stores networkstatistics, mobile device 120 may then compare the available wirelessnetwork statistics to the predicted course. Mobile device 120 may thenexamine the statistics and determine if any of the sections within thepredicted course have unacceptable rates of dropped calls. If mobiledevice 120 determines that the current course may encounter areas orsections with unacceptable rates of dropped calls, mobile device 120 mayissue a notification to user 110 that the current communication islikely to be dropped if user 110 continues on the predicted course.

The notification provided to user 110 may be any of the known types ofnotifications currently in use with mobile devices, or any type ofnotification that alerts user 110 that the communication is soon to bedropped. In one embodiment, referring now to FIG. 2, a text message maybe sent to mobile device 120, which may be accompanied by an audiblenotification so that user 110 can detect the notification whileparticipating in a voice call. Message 220 may be displayed on mobiledevice display 210. Message 220 may notify user 110 that the call may bedropped or one or more services may be lost if user 110 continues in thecurrent direction. The notification, in the form of message 220 in thisexample, may also provide an estimate to user 110 of approximately howlong user 110 can maintain the current wireless connection or servicebefore it is dropped. Such an estimate may be generated in any way knownto those skilled in the art, and may take into account the direction andspeed of user 110, as obtained, for example, from current and historicalGPS coordinates or other GPS information gathered from mobile device120. The notification may also include the likelihood or probability,for example in the form of a percentage, that the call will be droppedor that the service will be lost. This probability of a call drop orloss of one or more services may be derived, directly or indirectly,from the gathered network statistics.

In another embodiment, a software application may be installed andrunning on mobile device 120 which provided notifications to user 110regarding call drop or service loss status. Message 220 illustrated inFIG. 2 may be provided to user 110 by such an application.

Other means and methods of notifying user 110 may be used. For example,a voice message may be injected into the stream of conversation, in oneembodiment only audible to user 110, that informs user 110 that the callis likely to be dropped or service likely to be lost in the estimatedtime. Alternatively, an email may be sent to mobile device 120 alertinguser 110 of the impending call drop or service loss. In yet anotheralternative a page maybe sent to mobile device 120 information user 110that voice service may soon be lost. Any other means or methods ofeffectively conveying to user 110 that a service may be lost arecontemplated as within the scope of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, the notification of impending call drop or serviceloss is repeatedly sent to mobile device 120 as long as mobile device120 continues to be actively participating in a communication. This willserve as a reminder to user 110 that steps should be taken to gracefullyterminate the call or communication soon, or to take other steps toensure that mobile device 120 stays within the coverage area of wirelessprovider network 190. In another embodiment, the probability of the calldropping or service loss and the estimated time of drop or loss iscontinuously updated, for example in real-time or near real-time atpredetermined time increments, so that user 110 can be made aware of thecurrent status of a potential call drop or loss of service.

In another embodiment, the notification may be issued when mobile device120 is not active in a wireless communication. Such a notification mayserve to notify user 110 that mobile device 120 will be in roaming mode,without one or more wireless services, or without wireless networkcoverage soon. This may be useful to user 110 in the event that user 110needs to make a call or transmit some other form of communication, or ifuser 110 would like to stay within range of mobile device 120's homenetwork.

The notification may be coupled with suggestions for alternate coursesthat would allow user 110 to remain within wireless provider network190's coverage area, or it may be coupled with options to acquire suchalternate course suggestions. In FIG. 2, message 220 is accompanied byalternate directions option 230. User 110 may select, click on, orotherwise activate alternate directions option 230 to obtain alternatedirections. For example, and referring again to FIG. 1, if anotification is provided to user 110 while user 110 is traveling throughsection A3 of area 100, and user 110 selects alternate directions option230, directions may be provided to user 110 through mobile device 120directed user 110 to travel on changed course 180. Changed course 180may be derived and provided to user 110 through various means known tothose skilled in the art, including using available mapping and GPSsoftware which may provide turn-by-turn driving directions.

In another embodiment, the notification may be coupled with an optionfor user 110 to provide destination location 140 to wireless providernetwork 190. By obtaining user 110's destination location 140, wirelessprovider 190 can determine a more precise changed course 180 that willallow user 110 to travel through areas with higher quality or morecomplete wireless network coverage.

Changed course 180 may be determined in part by examining networkstatistics to derive a course that remains in higher quality coveragesections of area 100. Such network statistics may be compared topotential courses that lead to the predicted destination to determinethe shortest, or otherwise optimal, course or courses which travelthrough contiguous quality coverage areas or sections or areas orsections that offer the services of interest to user 110. For example,after predicting or learning that user 110's destination location 140 isin section C1 of area 100, wireless provider network 190 may determinethat, while user 110's original course 150 brings user 110 throughsection A1 of area 100 which has an 80% dropped call rate, if user 110were to travel from section A2 through section B2 and C2 on the way tosection C1, following changed course 180, the likelihood of the calldropping would be much less. This may be because sections B2 and C2 havemuch lower dropped call rates than section A1.

In another embodiment, directions for a course that keeps user 110within the coverage area of wireless provider network 190 may beprovided by default to user 110 through mobile device 120, and withoutrequiring user 110 to take any actions to obtain such directions. In yetanother embodiment, the directions provided to user 110 may be cardinalor ordinal directions. For example, the suggested alternate coursedirections may be to go North, West, or Southeast.

In an alternative embodiment, user 110 provides destination location 140to wireless provider network 190 before beginning to travel on originalcourse 150. Destination location 140 maybe provided to wireless providernetwork 190 in any effective manner, including inputting it in mobiledevice 120 and transmitting it to wireless provider network 190 throughthe use of a software application loaded on mobile device 120, orthrough a web page or web form viewed or completed via mobile device120. Any other means or methods of providing destination location 140 towireless provider network 190 is contemplated as within the scope of thepresent disclosure. User 110 may also provide origination location 130to wireless provider network 190, or wireless provider network 190 mayderive origination location 130 via means discussed herein, including byacquiring the GPS coordinates of mobile device 120 or locating mobiledevice 120 through triangulation.

In one embodiment, destination location 140 may be provided to a GPScapable device, such as a navigation system, which is wirelesslyenabled. Referring now to FIG. 3, in this embodiment, navigation system300 may have components integrated into it, or it may provide aninterface for a wireless device such as mobile device 120. Navigationsystem 300 may take into account network coverage areas when determininga path for user 110. User 110 may enter destination address 320 intonavigation system 300, which may be displayed on navigation systemdisplay 310. User 110 may have options 330 to choose from after orduring the entering of destination address 320. Among options 330, user110 may be able to select best coverage route option 340. Selecting bestcoverage route option 340 would direct navigation system 300 to select aroute to destination address 320 which provides the best wirelessnetwork coverage available. Referring again to FIG. 1, navigation system300 may provide directions to user 110 that follow alternate course 170,thereby keeping user 110 and mobile device 120 within the higher qualitycoverage section of area 100 on the way to destination location 140,which may correspond to destination address 320.

Alternatively, navigation system 300 may be instructed or configured toprovide coverage notifications as described herein with respect to FIG.2 during its period of activity as user 110 travels.

In FIG. 4, a non-limiting exemplary method 400 of providing impendingdropped call or service loss notification is illustrated. Any or allportions of the exemplary method illustrated in FIG. 4 may be performedon either a wireless communications device such as mobile device 120 oron telecommunications network equipment. At block 410, locationinformation for a mobile device is gathered. This may be locationinformation received from the mobile device by telecommunicationsnetwork equipment, where the mobile device has determined its ownlocation through any of the available means known to those skilled inthe art. For example, a mobile device with GPS components and/orsoftware may acquire its GPS coordinates from a communication, directlyor indirectly through other devices or equipment, with a GPS satellite,and transmit those coordinates to a wireless provider. Alternatively, awireless provider may calculate the location of a mobile device throughthe use of triangulation. In yet another alternative, the mobile devicemay perform all the functions of the subject matter described herein andtherefore the mobile device may not transmit its location informationanywhere. In still another embodiment, other information is gatheredalong with, or instead of, location information. Such information mayinclude a direction traveled, a speed of travel, a time or length oftravel, distance covered, geographical or other orientation, or anyother useful information regarding the position and/or direction ofmovement of a mobile device. Such information may also include userpreferences, such as the wireless services of most importance to theuser. Any means or methods of locating or collecting information on amobile device, and any type of information that may be collected, arecontemplated as within the scope of the present disclosure.

At block 420, the location information, or any other relevantinformation, gathered at block 410 is stored. Such information may bestored on a server, computer, network device, or on any other devicecapable of maintaining a record of data. Alternatively, such informationmay be stored on the mobile device itself. Along with the location orother gathered information, other helpful information may be stored,such as a timestamp and mobile device identifier. Any useful additionalinformation and any means of storing such information is contemplated aswithin the scope of the present disclosure.

At block 430, a determination is made as to whether, given the locationinformation gathered and stored at blocks 410 and 420, a prediction canbe made about the course of travel of the mobile device. For example, ifonly one piece of location information has been obtained, then it may bedifficult to predict the mobile device's current course. Alternatively,one piece of location information coupled with direction and speed datamay provide sufficient data to predict a course. In another alternative,a threshold may be set limiting course prediction to only situationswhere a minimum amount of location data has been acquires, such as fivelocation data points. Any means or methods of determining whethersufficient data exists to predict a course are contemplated. Thisdetermination may be made on a mobile device, such as mobile device 120,or on a device or devices within a telecommunications network. If it isdetermined that sufficient data does not exist to predict a course, thenfurther data is collected by returning to block 410.

If a course prediction is possible, then at block 440, the course ispredicted. As discussed herein, this may be accomplished in anyeffective way. For example, course prediction may be strictlydirectional, and the predicted course may be based solely on the currentdirection of travel of the mobile device. Alternatively, courseprediction may be based on maps, such as those available to navigationsystems, and presume that the course of travel follows the current roadon which the user and the mobile device are traveling. Other means ofcourse prediction are known to those skilled in the art, and all suchmeans and methods are contemplated as within the scope of the presentdisclosure. Course prediction may be performed on a mobile device, suchas mobile device 120, or on a device or devices within atelecommunications network.

At block 450, a determination is made about whether the predicted coursetakes the user through an area with an unacceptable potential fordropped calls or loss of a wireless service. As described above, manymethods and means of determining whether an area has an unacceptablerate of service loss are possible and known to those skilled in the art,and all such methods and means are contemplated as within the scope ofthe present disclosure. This determination may be made on a mobiledevice itself, such as mobile device 120, or on a device or deviceswithin a telecommunications network. If no unacceptable call drop orservice loss rates are determined for the predicted course, locationinformation gathering resuming by returning to block 410.

If unacceptable call drop or service loss rates are found over thepredicted course, then, at block 460, a notification is issued. Asdescribed above, the notification may be a text message, an email, avoice message, a page, or may be provided to the user through anapplication operating on the user's mobile device. Any other means ormethods of providing a notification may be employed, and all arecontemplated as within the scope of the present disclosure. Thenotification may be generated on a device within a telecommunicationsnetwork and delivered to a mobile device, or it may be originate on amobile device. Furthermore, other options may be offered or provided tothe user, such as alternative directions.

All of the methods and processes described herein in regard to providingnotification to a user about pending call drops based on the user'spredicted course of travel may be performed entirely on the mobiledevice, entirely on the provider network, or using a combination of thetwo.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present subject mattermaybe applied to any network characteristic that may vary within acoverage area. Notifications may be provided to any user of a wirelessnetwork and/or device that alert the user to a change in any particularnetwork characteristic or quality. All such characteristics, networkqualities, and notifications are contemplated as within the scope of thepresent disclosure.

Those skilled in the art will also recognize that notifications and/orindications of impending loss of one or more services or connectivity toa network may also be used by a mobile device to make adjustments on themobile device. For example, a mobile device may automatically adjustpower to accommodate a weaker connection to a network, or a loss of aconnection to a network. Any other adjustments triggered by a detectednetwork characteristic may be initiated by a mobile device, and all suchadjustments are contemplated as within the scope of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example processor 58 for generatingand/or determining mobile device location information and courseprediction and generation and transmitting or receiving such informationas well as user notifications regarding potential call drops and/or lossof connectivity to a wireless network. In an example configuration, theprocessor 58 may be one or more components of mobile device 120,navigation system 300, and devices within wireless provider network 190.It is emphasized that the block diagram depicted in FIG. 5 is exemplaryand not intended to imply a specific implementation. Thus, the processor58 can be implemented in a single processor or multiple processors.Multiple processors can be distributed or centrally located. Multipleprocessors can communicate wirelessly, via hard wire, or a combinationthereof.

The processor 58 comprises a processing portion 60, a memory portion 62,and an input/output portion 64. The processing portion 60, memoryportion 62, and input/output portion 64 are coupled together (couplingnot shown in FIG. 5) to allow communications therebetween. Theinput/output portion 64 is capable of providing and/or receivingcomponents utilized to determine or generate mobile device locationinformation and course prediction and generation and transmit or receivesuch information as well as user notifications. For example, theinput/output portion 64 is capable of providing/receiving mobile device120 location information, determining the predicted course of mobiledevice 120, transmitting/receiving notifications of impending calldrops, processing requests for alternative courses, and executingprograms and applications related to course predication and generationand call drop notifications, or any combination thereof, as describedabove.

The processor 58 can be implemented as a client processor and/or aserver processor. In a basic configuration, the processor 58 can includeat least one processing portion 60 and memory portion 62. The memoryportion 62 can store any information utilized in conjunction withdetermining or generating mobile device location information and courseprediction and generation and transmitting or receiving such informationas well as user notifications. For example, as described above, thememory portion is capable of storing user device location information,predicted and alternate courses, applications and software to generateor retrieve user device location information and predicted and alternatecourses, or any combination thereof. Depending upon the exactconfiguration and type of processor, the memory portion 62 can bevolatile (such as RAM) 66, non-volatile (such as ROM, flash memory,etc.) 68, or a combination thereof. The processor 58 can have additionalfeatures/functionality. For example, the processor 58 can includeadditional storage (removable storage 70 and/or non-removable storage72) including, but not limited to, magnetic or optical disks, tape,flash, smart cards or a combination thereof. Computer storage media,such as memory portion 62, 70, 72, 66, and 68, include volatile andnonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any methodor technology for storage of information such as computer readableinstructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computerstorage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flashmemory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD)or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magneticdisk storage or other magnetic storage devices, universal serial bus(USB) compatible memory, smart cards, or any other medium which can beused to store the desired information and which can be accessed by theprocessor 58. Any such computer storage media can be part of theprocessor 58.

The processor 58 can also contain the communications connection(s) 80that allow the processor 58 to communicate with other devices, forexample through wireless provider network 190. Communicationsconnection(s) 80 is an example of communication media. Communicationmedia typically embody computer readable instructions, data structures,program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as acarrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any informationdelivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that hasone or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as toencode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation,communication media includes wired media such as a wired network ordirect-wired connection as might be used with a land-line telephone, andwireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, cellular, and otherwireless media. The term computer readable media as used herein includesboth storage media and communication media. The processor 58 also canhave input device(s) 76 such as keyboard, keypad, mouse, pen, voiceinput device, touch input device, etc. Output device(s) 74 such as adisplay, speakers, printer, etc. also can be included.

The following description sets forth some exemplary telephony radionetworks and non-limiting operating environments in which calleridentification and caller geographical location information can beimplemented. The below-described operating environments should beconsidered non-exhaustive, however, and thus the below-described networkarchitectures merely show how caller identification with callergeographical location information can be incorporated into existingnetwork structures and architectures. It can be appreciated, however,that potential call drop notification and course prediction andgeneration can be incorporated into existing and/or future alternativearchitectures for communication networks as well.

The global system for mobile communication (“GSM” is one of the mostwidely utilized wireless access systems in today's fast growingcommunication environment. The GSM provides circuit-switched dataservices to subscribers, such as mobile telephone or computer users. TheGeneral Packet Radio Service (“GPRS”), which is an extension to GSMtechnology, introduces packet switching to GSM networks. The GPRS uses apacket-based wireless communication technology to transfer high and lowspeed data and signaling in an efficient manner. The GPRS attempts tooptimize the use of network and radio resources, thus enabling the costeffective and efficient use of GSM network resources for packet modeapplications.

As one of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate, the exemplaryGSM/GPRS environment and services described herein also can be extendedto 3G services, such as Universal Mobile Telephone System (“UMTS”),Frequency Division Duplexing (“FDD”) and Time Division Duplexing(“TDD”), High Speed Packet Data Access (“HSPDA”), cdma2000 1× EvolutionData Optimized (“EVDO”), Code Division Multiple Access-2000(“CDMA2000”), Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access(“TD-SCDMA”), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (“WCDMA”), EnhancedData GSM Environment (“EDGE”), International MobileTelecommunications-2000 (“IMT-2000”), Digital Enhanced CordlessTelecommunications (“DECT”), etc., as well as to other network servicesthat become available in time. In this regard, the techniques ofpotential call drop notification and course prediction and generationcan be applied independently of the method for data transport, and donot depend on any particular network architecture, or underlyingprotocols.

FIG. 6 depicts an overall block diagram of an exemplary packet-basedmobile cellular network environment, such as a GPRS network, in whichthe system for potential call drop notification and course predictionand generation can be practiced. In an example configuration, wirelessprovider network 190 comprises a cellular radio network and towers whichare encompassed by the network environment depicted in FIG. 6. In suchan environment, there are a plurality of Base Station Subsystems (“BSS”)600 (only one is shown), each of which comprises a Base StationController (“BSC”) 602 serving a plurality of Base Transceiver Stations(“BTS”) such as BTSs 604, 606, and 608. BTSs 604, 606, 608, etc. are theaccess points where users of packet-based mobile devices (e.g., mobiledevice 120) become connected to the wireless network. In exemplaryfashion, the packet traffic originating from user devices (e.g., mobiledevice 120) is transported via an over-the-air interface to a BTS 608,and from the BTS 608 to the BSC 602. Base station subsystems, such asBSS 600, are a part of internal frame relay network 610 that can includeService GPRS Support Nodes (“SGSN”) such as SGSN 612 and 614. Each SGSNis connected to an internal packet network 620 through which a SGSN 612,614, etc. can route data packets to and from a plurality of gateway GPRSsupport nodes (“GGSN”) 622, 624, 626, etc. As illustrated, SGSN 614 andGGSNs 622, 624, and 626 are part of internal packet network 620. GatewayGPRS serving nodes 622, 624 and 626 mainly provide an interface toexternal Internet Protocol (“IP”) networks such as Public Land MobileNetwork (“PLMN” 650, corporate intranets 640, or Fixed-End System(“FES”) or the public Internet 630. As illustrated, subscriber corporatenetwork 640 may be connected to GGSN 624 via firewall 632; and PLMN 650is connected to GGSN 624 via border gateway router 634. The RemoteAuthentication Dial-In User Service (“RADIUS”) server 642 may be usedfor caller authentication when a user of a mobile cellular device callscorporate network 640.

Generally, there can be four different cell sizes in a GSM network,referred to as macro, micro, pico, and umbrella cells. The coverage areaof each cell is different in different environments. Macro cells can beregarded as cells in which the base station antenna is installed in amast or a building above average roof top level. Micro cells are cellswhose antenna height is under average roof top level. Micro-cells aretypically used in urban areas. Pico cells are small cells having adiameter of a few dozen meters. Pico cells are used mainly indoors. Onthe other hand, umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions ofsmaller cells and fill in gaps in coverage between those cells.

FIG. 7 illustrates an architecture of a typical GPRS network assegmented into four groups: users 750, radio access network 760, corenetwork 770, and interconnect network 780. In one example configuration,wireless provider network 190 is encompassed by the radio access network760, core network 770, and interconnect network 780. Users 750 comprisea plurality of end users (though only mobile subscriber 755 is shown inFIG. 7). In an example embodiment, the device depicted as mobilesubscriber 755 comprises mobile device 120. In an alternate embodiment,the device depicted as mobile subscriber 755 comprises navigation system300. Radio access network 760 comprises a plurality of base stationsubsystems such as BSSs 762, which include BTSs 764 and BSCs 766. Corenetwork 770 comprises a host of various network elements. As illustratedhere, core network 770 may comprise Mobile Switching Center (“MSC”) 771,Service Control Point (“SCP”) 772, gateway MSC 773, SGSN 776, HomeLocation Register (“HLR”) 774, Authentication Center (“AuC”) 775, DomainName Server (“DNS”) 777, and GGSN 778. Interconnect network 780 alsocomprises a host of various networks and other network elements. Asillustrated in FIG. 7, interconnect network 780 comprises PublicSwitched Telephone Network (“PSTN”) 782, Fixed-End System (“FES”) orInternet 784, firewall 788, and Corporate Network 789.

A mobile switching center can be connected to a large number of basestation controllers. At MSC 771, for instance, depending on the type oftraffic, the traffic may be separated in that voice may be sent toPublic Switched Telephone Network (“PSTN”) 782 through Gateway MSC(“GMSC”) 773, and/or data may be sent to SGSN 776, which then sends thedata traffic to GGSN 778 for further forwarding.

When MSC 771 receives call traffic, for example, from BSC 766, it sendsa query to a database hosted by SCP 772. The SCP 772 processes therequest and issues a response to MSC 771 so that it may continue callprocessing as appropriate.

The HLR 774 is a centralized database for users to register to the GPRSnetwork. HLR 774 stores static information about the subscribers such asthe International Mobile Subscriber Identity (“IMSI”), subscribedservices, and a key for authenticating the subscriber. HLR 774 alsostores dynamic subscriber information such as the current location ofthe mobile subscriber. Associated with HLR 774 is AuC 775. AuC 775 is adatabase that contains the algorithms for authenticating subscribers andincludes the associated keys for encryption to safeguard the user inputfor authentication.

In the following, depending on context, the term “mobile subscriber”sometimes refers to the end user, such user 110, and sometimes to theactual portable device, such as mobile device 120 or navigation system300, used by an end user of the mobile cellular service. When a mobilesubscriber turns on his or her mobile device, the mobile device goesthrough an attach process by which the mobile device attaches to an SGSNof the GPRS network. In FIG. 7, when mobile subscriber 755 initiates theattach process by turning on the network capabilities of the mobiledevice, an attach request is sent by mobile subscriber 755 to SGSN 776.The SGSN 776 queries another SGSN, to which mobile subscriber 755 wasattached before, for the identity of mobile subscriber 755. Uponreceiving the identity of mobile subscriber 755 from the other SGSN,SGSN 776 requests more information from mobile subscriber 755. Thisinformation is used to authenticate mobile subscriber 755 to SGSN 776 byHLR 774. Once verified, SGSN 776 sends a location update to HLR 774indicating the change of location to a new SGSN, in this case SGSN 776.HLR 774 notifies the old SGSN, to which mobile subscriber 755 wasattached before, to cancel the location process for mobile subscriber755. HLR 774 then notifies SGSN 776 that the location update has beenperformed. At this time, SGSN 776 sends an Attach Accept message tomobile subscriber 755, which in turn sends an Attach Complete message toSGSN 776.

After attaching itself with the network, mobile subscriber 755 then goesthrough the authentication process. In the authentication process, SGSN776 sends the authentication information to HLR 774, which sendsinformation back to SGSN 776 based on the user profile that was part ofthe user's initial setup. The SGSN 776 then sends a request forauthentication and ciphering to mobile subscriber 755. The mobilesubscriber 755 uses an algorithm to send the user identification andpassword to SGSN 776. The SGSN 776 uses the same algorithm and comparesthe result. If a match occurs, SGSN 776 authenticates mobile subscriber755.

Next, the mobile subscriber 755 establishes a user session with thedestination network, corporate network 789, by going through a PacketData Protocol (“PDP”) activation process. Briefly, in the process,mobile subscriber 755 requests access to the Access Point Name (“APN”),for example, UPS.com (e.g., which can be corporate network 789 in FIG.7) and SGSN 776 receives the activation request from mobile subscriber755. SGSN 776 then initiates a Domain Name Service (“DNS”) query tolearn which GGSN node has access to the UPS.com APN. The DNS query issent to the DNS server within the core network 770, such as DNS 777,which is provisioned to map to one or more GGSN nodes in the corenetwork 770. Based on the APN, the mapped GGSN 778 can access therequested corporate network 789. The SGSN 776 then sends to GGSN 778 aCreate Packet Data Protocol (“PDP”) Context Request message thatcontains necessary information. The GGSN 778 sends a Create PDP ContextResponse message to SGSN 776, which then sends an Activate PDP ContextAccept message to mobile subscriber 755.

Once activated, data packets of the call made by mobile subscriber 755can then go through radio access network 760, core network 770, andinterconnect network 780, in a particular fixed-end system or Internet784 and firewall 788, to reach corporate network 789.

Thus, network elements that can invoke the functionality of calleridentification with caller geographical location information can includebut are not limited to Gateway GPRS Support Node tables, Fixed EndSystem router tables, firewall systems, VPN tunnels, and any number ofother network elements as required by the particular digital network.

FIG. 8 illustrates another exemplary block diagram view of a GSM/GPRS/IPmultimedia network architecture 800 in which potential call dropnotification and course prediction and generation can be incorporated.As illustrated, architecture 800 of FIG. 8 includes a GSM core network801, a GPRS network 830 and an IP multimedia network 838. The GSM corenetwork 801 includes a Mobile Station (MS) 802, at least one BaseTransceiver Station (BTS) 804 and a Base Station Controller (BSC) 806.The MS 802 is physical equipment or Mobile Equipment (ME), such as amobile phone or a laptop computer (e.g., mobile device 120) that is usedby mobile subscribers, with a Subscriber identity Module (SIM). The SIMincludes an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), which is aunique identifier of a subscriber. The BTS 804 is physical equipment,such as a radio tower, that enables a radio interface to communicatewith the MS. Each BTS may serve more than one MS. The BSC 806 managesradio resources, including the BTS. The BSC may be connected to severalBTSs. The BSC and BTS components, in combination, are generally referredto as a base station (BSS) or radio access network (RAN) 803.

The GSM core network 801 also includes a Mobile Switching Center (MSC)808, a Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC) 810, a Home LocationRegister (HLR) 812, Visitor Location Register (VLR) 814, anAuthentication Center (AuC) 818, and an Equipment Identity Register(EIR) 816. The MSC 808 performs a switching function for the network.The MSC also performs other functions, such as registration,authentication, location updating, handovers, and call routing. The GMSC810 provides a gateway between the GSM network and other networks, suchas an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) or Public SwitchedTelephone Networks (PSTNs) 820. Thus, the GMSC 810 provides interworkingfunctionality with external networks.

The HLR 812 is a database that contains administrative informationregarding each subscriber registered in a corresponding GSM network. TheHLR 812 also contains the current location of each MS. The VLR 814 is adatabase that contains selected administrative information from the HLR812. The VLR contains information necessary for call control andprovision of subscribed services for each MS currently located in ageographical area controlled by the VLR. The HLR 812 and the VLR 814,together with the MSC 808, provide the call routing and roamingcapabilities of GSM. The AUC 816 provides the parameters needed forauthentication and encryption functions. Such parameters allowverification of a subscriber's identity. The EIR 818 storessecurity-sensitive information about the mobile equipment.

A Short Message Service Center (SMSC) 809 allows one-to-one ShortMessage Service (SMS) messages to be sent to/from the MS 802. A PushProxy Gateway (PPG) 811 is used to “push” (i.e., send without asynchronous request) content to the MS 802. The PPG 811 acts as a proxybetween wired and wireless networks to facilitate pushing of data to theMS 802. A Short Message Peer to Peer (SMPP) protocol router 813 isprovided to convert SMS-based SMPP messages to cell broadcast messages.SMPP is a protocol for exchanging SMS messages between SMS peer entitiessuch as short message service centers. The SMPP protocol is often usedto allow third parties, e.g., content suppliers such as newsorganizations, to submit bulk messages.

To gain access to GSM services, such as voice, data, and short messageservice (SMS), the MS first registers with the network to indicate itscurrent location by performing a location update and IMSI attachprocedure. The MS 802 sends a location update including its currentlocation information to the MSC/VLR, via the BTS 804 and the BSC 806.The location information is then sent to the MS's HLR. The HLR isupdated with the location information received from the MSC/VLR. Thelocation update also is performed when the MS moves to a new locationarea. Typically, the location update is periodically performed to updatethe database as location updating events occur.

The GPRS network 830 is logically implemented on the GSM core networkarchitecture by introducing two packet-switching network nodes, aserving GPRS support node (SGSN) 832, a cell broadcast and a GatewayGPRS support node (GGSN) 834. The SGSN 832 is at the same hierarchicallevel as the MSC 808 in the GSM network. The SGSN controls theconnection between the GPRS network and the MS 802. The SGSN also keepstrack of individual MS's locations and security functions and accesscontrols.

A Cell Broadcast Center (CBC) 833 communicates cell broadcast messagesthat are typically delivered to multiple users in a specified area. CellBroadcast is one-to-many geographically focused service. It enablesmessages to be communicated to multiple mobile phone customers who arelocated within a given part of its network coverage area at the time themessage is broadcast.

The GGSN 834 provides a gateway between the GPRS network and a publicpacket network (PDN) or other IP networks 836. That is, the GGSNprovides interworking functionality with external networks, and sets upa logical link to the MS through the SGSN. When packet-switched dataleaves the GPRS network, it is transferred to an external TCP-IP network836, such as an X.25 network or the Internet. In order to access GPRSservices, the MS first attaches itself to the GPRS network by performingan attach procedure. The MS then activates a packet data protocol (PDP)context, thus activating a packet communication session between the MS,the SGSN, and the GGSN.

In a GSM/GPRS network, GPRS services and GSM services can be used inparallel. The MS can operate in one three classes: class A, class B, andclass C. A class A MS can attach to the network for both GPRS servicesand GSM services simultaneously. A class A MS also supports simultaneousoperation of GPRS services and GSM services. For example, class Amobiles can receive GSM voice/data/SMS calls and GPRS data calls at thesame time.

A class B MS can attach to the network for both GPRS services and GSMservices simultaneously. However, a class B MS does not supportsimultaneous operation of the GPRS services and GSM services. That is, aclass B MS can only use one of the two services at a given time.

A class C MS can attach for only one of the GPRS services and GSMservices at a time. Simultaneous attachment and operation of GPRSservices and GSM services is not possible with a class C MS.

A GPRS network 830 can be designed to operate in three network operationmodes (NOM1, NOM2 and NOM3). A network operation mode of a GPRS networkis indicated by a parameter in system information messages transmittedwithin a cell. The system information messages dictates a MS where tolisten for paging messages and how signal towards the network. Thenetwork operation mode represents the capabilities of the GPRS network.In a NOM1 network, a MS can receive pages from a circuit switched domain(voice call) when engaged in a data call. The MS can suspend the datacall or take both simultaneously, depending on the ability of the MS. Ina NOM2 network, a MS may not received pages from a circuit switcheddomain when engaged in a data call, since the MS is receiving data andis not listening to a paging channel. In a NOM3 network, a MS canmonitor pages for a circuit switched network while received data andvise versa.

The IP multimedia network 838 was introduced with 3GPP Release 5, andincludes an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) 840 to provide rich multimediaservices to end users. A representative set of the network entitieswithin the IMS 840 are a call/session control function (CSCF), a mediagateway control function (MGCF) 846, a media gateway (MGW) 848, and amaster subscriber database, called a home subscriber server (HSS) 850.The HSS 850 may be common to the GSM network 801, the GPRS network 830as well as the IP multimedia network 838.

The IP multimedia system 840 is built around the call/session controlfunction, of which there are three types: an interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF)843, a proxy CSCF (P-CSCF) 842, and a serving CSCF (S-CSCF) 844. TheP-CSCF 842 is the MS's first point of contact with the IMS 840. TheP-CSCF 842 forwards session initiation protocol (SIP) messages receivedfrom the MS to an SIP server in a home network (and vice versa) of theMS. The P-CSCF 842 may also modify an outgoing request according to aset of rules defined by the network operator (for example, addressanalysis and potential modification.)

The I-CSCF 843, forms an entrance to a home network and hides the innertopology of the home network from other networks and providesflexibility for selecting an S-CSCF. The I-CSCF 843 may contact asubscriber location function (SLF) 845 to determine which HSS 850 to usefor the particular subscriber if multiple HSS's 850 are present. TheS-CSCF 844 performs the session control services for the MS 802. Thisincludes routing originating sessions to external networks and routingterminating sessions to visited networks. The S-CSCF 844 also decideswhether an application server (AS) 852 is required to receiveinformation on an incoming SIP session request to ensure appropriateservice handling. This decision is based on information received fromthe HSS 850 (or other sources, such as an application server 852). TheAS 852 also communicates to a location server 856 (e.g., a GatewayMobile Location Center (GMLC)) that provides a position (e.g.,latitude/longitude coordinates) of the MS 802.

The HSS 850 contains a subscriber profile and keeps track of which corenetwork node is currently handling the subscriber. It also supportssubscriber authentication and authorization functions (AAA). In networkswith more than one HSS 850, a subscriber location function providesinformation on the HSS 850 that contains the profile of a givensubscriber.

The MGCF 846 provides interworking functionality between SIP sessioncontrol signaling from the IMS 840 and ISUP/BICC call control signalingfrom the external GSTN networks (not shown.) It also controls the mediagateway (MGW) 848 that provides user-plane interworking functionality(e.g., converting between AMR- and PCM-coded voice.) The MGW 848 alsocommunicates with other IP multimedia networks 854.

Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC) capable mobile phones register with thewireless network when the phones are in a predefined area (e.g., jobsite, etc.) When the mobile phones leave the area, they register withthe network in their new location as being outside the predefined area.This registration, however, does not indicate the actual physicallocation of the mobile phones outside the pre-defined area.

While example embodiments of potential call drop notification and courseprediction and generation have been described in connection with variouscomputing devices, the underlying concepts can be applied to anycomputing device or system capable of implementing predeterminedpotential call drop notification and course prediction and generation.The various techniques described herein can be implemented in connectionwith hardware or software or, where appropriate, with a combination ofboth. Thus, the methods and apparatus for determining or generatingmobile device location information and course prediction and generationand transmitting or receiving such information as well as usernotifications, or certain aspects or portions thereof, can take the formof program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such asfloppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other machine-readablestorage medium, wherein, when the program code is loaded into andexecuted by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes anapparatus for implementing mobile device location information and courseprediction and generation. In the case of program code execution onprogrammable computers, the computing device will generally include aprocessor, a storage medium readable by the processor (includingvolatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least oneinput device, and at least one output device. The program(s) can beimplemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case,the language can be a compiled or interpreted language, and combinedwith hardware implementations.

The methods and apparatus for potential call drop notification andcourse prediction and generation also can be practiced viacommunications embodied in the form of program code that is transmittedover some transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring orcabling, through fiber optics, or via any other form of transmission,wherein, when the program code is received and loaded into and executedby a machine, such as an EPROM, a gate array, a programmable logicdevice (PLD), a client computer, or the like, the machine becomes anapparatus for implementing potential call drop notification and courseprediction and generation. When implemented on a general-purposeprocessor, the program code combines with the processor to provide aunique apparatus that operates to invoke the functionality of potentialcall drop notification and course prediction and generation.Additionally, any storage techniques used in connection with potentialcall drop notification and course prediction and generation caninvariably be a combination of hardware and software.

While potential call drop notification and course prediction andgeneration has been described in connection with the various embodimentsof the various figures, it is to be understood that other similarembodiments can be used or modifications and additions can be made tothe described embodiment for performing the same function of providingpotential call drop notification and course prediction and generationwithout deviating therefrom. For example, one skilled in the art willrecognize that a system for implementing potential call dropnotification and course prediction and generation as described may applyto any environment, whether wired or wireless, and may be applied to anynumber of devices connected via a communications network and interactingacross the network. Therefore, potential call drop notification andcourse prediction and generation should not be limited to any singleembodiment, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope inaccordance with the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: predicting a course of amobile device using a service of a service type based on at least alocation of the mobile device; obtaining course network statistics forthe service type on network coverage areas surrounding the course;predicting that the course will traverse an area in which a rate of lossof the service type exceeds a predetermined threshold; and before themobile device arrives at a portion of the course in the area, providingan indication of a predicted loss of the service, based on the coursetraversing the area and changing an operating setting of the mobiledevice.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining thatthe mobile device is using the service.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein the service type comprises a voice service type, a data servicetype, a paging service type, or a network connectivity type.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: determining an alternate coursetraversing a second area in which a second rate of loss of the servicetype is less than the rate of loss; and causing a user of the mobiledevice to receive an indication of the alternate course.
 5. The methodof claim 4, wherein the indication of the alternate course comprises atleast one of turn-by-turn directions, a cardinal direction, or anordinal direction.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein predicting thecourse comprises: maintaining a location history of the mobile device;obtaining a current location of the mobile device; and predicting thecourse based on the location history and the current location.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the indication comprises a time estimate ofan occurrence of the predicted loss.
 8. A method comprising: predictinga course of a mobile device based on at least a location of the mobiledevice; obtaining course network statistics on network coverage areassurrounding the course; predicting that the course will traverse an areain which a probability of loss exceeds a predetermined threshold basedon the course network statistics; and before the mobile device arrivesat a portion of the course in the area, in response to the predictingthat the course will traverse the area, performing at least one of:changing an operating setting of the mobile device.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein the probability of loss comprises a probability ofconnectivity loss.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the probability ofloss comprises a probability of loss of a service.
 11. The method ofclaim 10, wherein the service comprises at least one of a voice service,a data service, or a paging service.
 12. The method of claim 8, whereinthe probability of loss is based on a loss rate.
 13. The method of claim1, further comprising: determining an alternate course traversing asecond area having a second probability of loss that is less than theprobability of loss; and wherein the alert comprises an indication ofthe alternate course.
 14. A mobile device comprising: a processor; andmemory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising executableinstructions that cause the processor to effectuate operationscomprising: predicting a course of the mobile device based on at least alocation of the mobile device; determining a likelihood that the mobiledevice will lose a service based on a rate of loss along a futureportion of the course; providing, to a user of the mobile device, beforethe mobile device arrives at the future portion, a warning that themobile device is likely to lose the service if the mobile device doesadopt an alternative course and changing an operating setting of themobile device.
 15. The mobile device of claim 14, wherein the warningidentifies the alternate course.
 16. The mobile device of claim 14,further comprising a display in communication with the processor,wherein providing the warning comprises causing the display to displaythe warning.
 17. The mobile device of claim 14, the operations furthercomprising determining a destination location, wherein predicting thecourse is further based on the destination location.
 18. The mobiledevice of claim 14, wherein the service is one of a voice service, adata service, or a paging service.
 19. The mobile device of claim 14,wherein changing the operating setting causes a reduction in powerconsumption of the mobile device responsive to the likelihood.